The PID / PLL tab is only available if the MF-PID Quad PID/PLL
Controller option is installed on the MFLI Instrument (the installed
options are displayed in the Device tab).
Note
The feedback controllers provide general-purpose PID functionality,
phase-locked loop (PLL) functionality, and External Reference
functionality. When the user sets one of the demodulators to ExtRef mode
(see Lock-in tab, Demodulators section, Mode column), one of the PID
controllers will be reserved for that purpose.
Note
Some settings in the PID / PLL tab are interdependent with settings that
are accessible from other tabs. If the PID output controls a certain
variable, e.g. Signal Output Offset, this variable will be shown as
read-only where it appears in other tabs (i.e. in the Lock-in tab for
this case).
The PID / PLL tab is the main control center for the feedback loop
controllers in the instrument. Whenever the tab is closed or an
additional one of the same type is needed, clicking the following icon
will open a new instance of the tab.
Table 1: App icon and short description
Control/Tool
Option/Range
Description
PID
Features all control, analysis, and simulation capabilities of the PID controllers.
The PID / PLL tab (see Figure 1) consists of four identical side-tabs,
each of them providing access to the functionality of one of the four
PID / PLL controllers and the associated PID Advisor.
Figure 1: LabOne UI: PID / PLL tab
With their variety of different input and output connections, the LabOne
PID controllers are extremely versatile and can be used in a wide range
of different applications including laser locking or high-speed SPM.
Figure 2
shows a block diagram of all PID controller components, their
interconnections and the variables to be specified by the user.
Depending on the application there are a number of ways to set up a
control loop. Let’s consider a few different approaches and see how the
Advisor can help to reduce the effort and improve on the result and
understanding of the setup.
In cases where the transfer function of the device under test (DUT) is
unknown and only little noise couples into the system from the
environment, a manual approach is often the quickest way to get going.
For manual configuration of a new control loop it is recommended to
start with a small value for P and set the other parameters (I, D, D
Limit) to zero. By enabling the controller one will then immediately see
if the sign of P is correct and if the feedback is acting on the correct
output parameter for instance by checking the numbers (Error, Shift,
Out) displayed in the PID / PLL tab. A stepwise increase of the integral
gain I will then help to zero the PID error signal completely. Enabling
the derivative gain D can increase the speed of the feedback loop, but
it can also cause an instable feedback loop behavior . Monitoring the
PID error in the
Plotter Tab
in parallel can be a great help at this stage. The math tools offered by
the Plotter allow us to display the standard deviation and the average
value of the error. These values should be minimized by tweaking the PID
parameters and the associated histogram should have a symmetric (ideally
Gaussian) envelope.
In order to characterize the feedback loop quantitatively, you can
measure the step response in the
Data Acquisition Tab.
To do that measurement, change the PID setpoint manually after you have
configured the DAQ Trigger level half way in between the old and new
setpoint. DAQ Delay and Duration are chosen to roughly match the
expected bandwidth. For a step response curve with fine time resolution,
the PID data rate should be high enough.
For many experimental situations the external device or DUT can be well
approximated by a simple model. The LabOne PID Advisor allows you to
simulate the behavior of a number of different DUT types in a feedback
loop and choose feedback gain parameters based on the simulation. The
DUTs are characterized by a model function with a number of parameters
found on the Advisor sub-tab. All models include a setting for the delay
that occurs outside the instrument. Depending on the targeted servo
bandwidth, the external delay can often be the limiting factor and
should be sensibly chosen.
Note
The delay specified for each model is the earliest possible response to
a stepwise change of the instrument output to be seen on the instrument
input. It describes the causality of the system and does not affect the
shape of the DUT transfer function. Standard coaxial cables cause a
signal delay of about 5 ns/m.
The most simple approach to modeling is to assume a DUT with a unity
transfer function by using All Pass. The low-pass filters allow for
limiting the bandwidth, to set an overall gain and a damping for the
second order filter. With a Gain set to 1 and a Delay set to 0, All Pass
can be used to model the PID controller independent of the external
device. Resonator Frequency is a model that applies well in situations
with a passive external component, e.g. a AFM cantilever or a quartz
resonator, whose frequency should be tracked by a PLL over time. In
cases where the amplitude of the resonator signal needs to be stabilized
with a second control loop (automatic gain control), the Resonator
Amplitude model is the right choice. Setting the resonance frequency and
the Q factor, both can be obtained before by a frequency scan over the
resonance using the
Sweeper Tab,
allows the Advisor to estimate the gain and low-pass behavior of the
resonator. Internal PLL is used whenever an external oscillating signal
is provided that shall be followed by one of the internal oscillators.
The VCO setting describes a situation where the input variable of the
DUT is a voltage and the output is a frequency. The gain parameter
specifies how much voltage change on the input causes how much frequency
shift on the VCO output. In case the frequency of the VCO can be tracked
by using the external reference mode, one can easily measure this gain
with the
Sweeper Tab
by scanning the Auxiliary Output voltage and displaying the resulting
oscillator frequency. The gain is given by the slope of the resulting
line at the frequency of interest.
With a model and parameters set to best describe the actual measurement
situation, one can now continue by defining a target bandwidth for the
entire control loop and the Advise Mode, i.e. the feedback gain
parameters that shall be used for the control operation. Whenever the
input signal is derived from one of the demodulators it is convenient to
activate the box next to target bandwidth. With that in place the Advise
algorithm will automatically adjust the demodulator bandwidth to a value
about 5 times higher than the target bandwidth in order to avoid to be
limited by demodulation speed. The Advisor algorithm will now calculate
a target step response function that it will try to achieve by adjusting
the feedback gain parameters in the next step. Before doing so in case
of a newly set up DUT model, the algorithm will first try to estimate
the PID parameters by using the Ziegler-Nichols method. When there has
been a previous run, the user can also change the parameters in the
model manually which will the be used as new start parameters of the
next Advise run. Starting from the initial parameters, the Advisor will
then perform a numerical optimization in order to achieve a
least-squares fit of the calculated step response to a target step
response determined from the Target Bandwidth. The result is numerically
characterized by an achieved bandwidth (BW) and a phase margin (PM).
Moreover, the large plot area on the right can be used to characterize
the result by displaying transfer functions, magnitude and phase, and
step responses between different signal nodes inside the loop. Once the
modeling is completed one can copy the resulting parameters to the
physical PID by clicking on .
Table 2: DUT transfer functions
Name
Function
Parameters
All pass
\(H(s)=g\)
Gain \(g\)
Low-pass 1st
\(H(s)=g\frac{1}{t_c s + 1} = g\frac{\omega_n}{s +\omega_n}\)
Damping ratio \(\zeta\) with \(f_{-3dB}=2\zeta f_{res}\)
Resonator frequency
\(H(s)= -360^{\circ} \frac{t_c}{t_c s+1}\) with \(t_c=\frac{1}{2\pi BW}=\frac{2Q}{2\pi f_{res}}\)
Resonance frequency \(f_{res}\)
Quality factor \(Q\)
Resonator amplitude
\(H(s)=g\frac{\omega / (2Q)}{s+\omega /(2Q)}\) with \(\omega=2\pi f_{res}\)
Gain \(g\)
Resonance frequency \(f_{res}\)
Quality factor \(Q\)
Internal PLL
\(H(s)=-\frac{360^\circ}{s}\)
VCO
\(H(s)=g\frac{360^\circ}{s(t_c s+1)}\) with \(t_c=\frac{1}{2\pi f_{res}}\)
Gain \(g\) (Hz/V)
Bandwidth (BW) \(f_{-3dB}\)
Note
It is recommended to use the Advisor in a stepwise approach where one
increases the free parameters from P to PI, to PID . This can save time
because it prevents optimizing into local minima. Also it can be quite
illustrative to see which of the feedback parameters leads to which
effect in the feedback behavior.
Note
The low-pass filter in the differential part is implemented as an
exponential moving average filter described by
\(y_t=(1-\alpha)\cdot y_{t-1}+\alpha x_t\) with \(\alpha = 2^{-dshift}\),
\(x_t\) the filter input, and \(y_t\) the filter output. The default value
for dshift is 0 which corresponds to a disabled filter. On the UI the
filter properties can be changed in units of bandwidth or a time
constant.
In case the feedback output is a voltage applied to sensitive external
equipment it is recommended to make use of the center value and the
upper and lower limit values. This will guarantee that the output stays
in the defined range even when the lock fails and the integrator goes
into saturation.
The Auto Tune feature found on the Tuner sub-tab can now help to
minimize the residual error signal. Auto Tune will vary the feedback
gain parameters, as selected in the Advise Mode field in the Advisor
sub-tab, in order to minimize the root mean square of the PID error
signal. Being based on measurement, Auto Tune can often improve on the
results of the model-based PID Advisor because it can take into account
the real experimental noise and device transfer function. For Auto Tune
to deliver good results, it should be applied in the actual operating
conditions of the PID loop, as otherwise the PID bandwidth may end up
too low. E.g. it makes no sense to apply Auto Tune to a PLL on a lifted
AFM cantilever when the PLL later is used to track the cantilever during
scanning.
The transfer function of the chosen PID settings can always be checked
by copying the values to the Advisor by clicking the button
and selecting the Advanced Mode in the Display sub-tab. With the
Response In set to Setpoint, the Response Out set to PID Output and with
Closed-Loop deactivated one can visualize the Bode Magnitude of the PID
controller’s transfer function. This graph is what is usually shown in
textbooks and is independent of the model function chosen in the DUT
section. However, in order to simulate step responses or to calculate a
bandwidth, a suitable model for the entire loop is required.
The PID controllers 1 and 2 can be set to PLL mode which the Mode
selector. Changing to PLL mode sets the PID controller input to a
demodulator phase, the PID controller output to the frequency of an
internal oscillator, and changes some of the parameters to appropriate
default values. Figure 3 shows a block diagram
of a PLL with its components, their interconnections and the variables
to be specified by the user. The demodulator and the PID controller are
slightly simplified for this sketch. Their full detailed block diagrams
are given in Demodulator block diagram without MF-MD Multi-demodulator
option,
Demodulator block diagram with MF-MD Multi-demodulator
option,
and Figure 2 respectively.
In a typical procedure to set up a PLL one would first define the center
frequency, frequency limits, and the phase setpoint in the left section.
If the frequency is not known beforehand, it can often be determined
using the Sweeper or Spectrum tool. Then one would set a target
bandwidth in the Advisor section and click on the Advise button. The
feedback parameters calculated by the Advisor will be shown in the
fields just below. A graphical representation of the calculated transfer
function is shown in the plot on the right-hand side. Once satisfied
with the result, one can transfer the values to the instrument by
clicking the
button, and then enable the PLL. If the Error/PLL Lock field now
displays very small values, the phase lock was successful. One can now
iterate the process and e.g. play with the target bandwidth in the PLL
Advisor to calculate a new set of feedback parameters. Displaying the
oscillator frequency in the Plotter along with a Histogram and Math
function (e.g. standard deviation) can help to quantify the residual
phase error and further improve the lock performance by manual tweaking.
Note
The span set by the PLL frequency limits should exceed the target
bandwidth by a factor of 5 to 10 or more.
Note
In the PID/PLL tab you select which of the demodulators you use as a
phase detector. Open the Lock-in tab to check if the right Signal Input
is associated with the demodulator in use.
The PID is used to control an internal oscillator.
ExtRef
The PID is used by the external reference to control an internal oscillator.
Auto Mode
This defines the type of automatic adaptation of parameters in the PID.
Off
No automatic adaptation.
PID Coeff
The coefficients of the PID controller are automatically set.
Coeff + BW (low)
The PID coefficients, the filter bandwidth and the output limits are automatically set using a low bandwidth.
Coeff + BW (high)
The PID coefficients, the filter bandwidth and the output limits are automatically set using a high bandwidth.
Adaptive
All parameters of the PID including the center frequency are adapted.
Input
Select input source of PID controller
Demodulator X
Demodulator cartesian X component
Demodulator Y
Demodulator cartesian Y component
Demodulator R
Demodulator magnitude component
Demodulator Theta
Demodulator phase
Aux Input
Auxiliary Input
Aux Output
Internal value of Auxiliary Output
TU Output Value
Output value of TU logic unit
Input Channel
index
Select input channel of PID controller.
Setpoint
numeric value
PID controller setpoint
Phase Unwrap
ON / OFF
Enables the phase unwrapping to track phase errors past the +/-180 degree boundary and increase PLL bandwidth.
Filter BW
numeric value
Bandwidth of the demodulator filter used as an input.
Filter Order
Selects the filter roll off between 6 dB/oct and 48 dB/oct of the current demodulator.
1
1st order filter 6 dB/oct
2
2nd order filter 12 dB/oct
3
3rd order filter 18 dB/oct
4
4th order filter 24 dB/oct
5
5th order filter 30 dB/oct
6
6th order filter 36 dB/oct
7
7th order filter 42 dB/oct
8
8th order filter 48 dB/oct
Harmonic
1 to 1023
Multiplier of the for the reference frequency of the current demodulator.
Output
Select output of the PID controller
Sig Out 1 Amplitude
Feedback to the main signal output amplitude 1
Sig Out 2 Amplitude
Feedback to the main signal output amplitude 2
Oscillator Frequency
Feedback to any of the internal oscillator frequencies
Demodulator Phase
Feedback to any of the 8 demodulator phase set points
Aux Output Offset
Feedback to any of the 4 Auxiliary Output's Offset
Signal Output Offset
Feedback to the main Signal Output offset adjustment
Output Channel
index
Select output channel of PID controller.
Center
numeric value
After adding the Center value to the PID output, the signal is clamped to Center + Lower Limit and Center + Upper Limit.
Lower Limit
numeric value
After adding the Center value to the PID output, the signal is clamped between Center - Lower Limit, and Center + Upper Limit.
Upper Limit
numeric value
After adding the Center value to the PID output, the signal is clamped between Center - Lower Limit, and Center + Upper Limit.
P
numeric value
PID proportional gain P
I
numeric value
PID integral gain I
D
numeric value
PID derivative gain D
D Limit TC/BW 3 dB
673 ns to 15 ms/10 Hz to 236 kHz
The cutoff of the low-pass filter for the D limitation, shown as either the filter time constant or the 3 dB cutoff frequency, depending on the selected TC mode. When set to 0, the low-pass filter is disabled.
Rate
3.7 Hz to 469 kHz
PID sampling rate and update rate of PID outputs. Needs to be set substantially higher than the targeted loop filter bandwidth.
The numerical precision of the controller is influenced by the loop filter sampling rate. If the target bandwidth is below 1 kHz is starts to make sense to adjust this rate to a value of about 100 to 500 times the target bandwidth. If the rate is set too high for low bandwidth applications, integration inaccuracies can lead to non linear behavior.
Error
numeric value
Error = Set point - PID Input
Lock LED
grey/green
Indicates when the PID (configured as PLL) is locked.
The PLL error is sampled at 5 Sa/s and its absolute value is calculated. If the result is smaller than 5 degrees the loop is considered locked. Only works if mode is PLL or ExtRef.
Shift
numeric value
Difference between the current output value Out and the Center. Shift = P*Error + I*Int(Error, dt) + D*dError/dt
Value
numeric value
Current output value
To Advisor
Copy the current PID settings to the PID Advisor.
Table 4: PID tab: Advisor sub-tab
Control/Tool
Option/Range
Description
Advise
Calculate the PID coefficients based on the used DUT model and the given target bandwidth. If optimized values can be found the coefficients are updated and the response curve is updated on the plot.
Only PID coefficients specified with the advise mode are optimized. The Advise mode can be used incremental, means current coefficients are used as starting point for the optimization unless other model parameters are changed in-between.
Progress
The percentage of design algorithm already done when the Advisor is in progress.
Target BW (Hz)
numeric value
Target bandwidth for the closed loop feedback system which is used for the advising of the PID parameters. This bandwidth defines the trade-off between PID speed and noise.
Advise Mode
Select the PID coefficients that are optimized. The other PID coefficients remain unchanged but are used during optimization. This enables keeping selected coefficients at a fixed value while optimizing the rest.
The advise time will increase significantly with the number of parameters to be optimized.
P
Only optimize the proportional gain.
I
Only optimize the integral gain.
PI
Only optimize the proportional and the integral gain.
PID
Optimize the proportional, integral, and derivative gains.
PIDF
Optimize the proportional, integral, and derivative gains. Also the derivative gain bandwidth will be optimized.
Filter BW
numeric Value
Defines the low-pass filter characteristic of the selected demodulator input.
Auto Bandwidth
ON / OFF
Adjusts the demodulator bandwidth to fit best to the specified target bandwidth of the full system. If disabled, a demodulator bandwidth too close to the target bandwidth may cause overshoot and instability.
In special cases the demodulator bandwidth can also be selected smaller than the target bandwidth.
Filter Order
Selects the filter roll off between 6 dB/oct and 48 dB/oct of the modelled demodulator.
1
1st order filter 6 dB/oct
2
2nd order filter 12 dB/oct
3
3rd order filter 18 dB/oct
4
4th order filter 24 dB/oct
5
5th order filter 30 dB/oct
6
6th order filter 36 dB/oct
7
7th order filter 42 dB/oct
8
8th order filter 48 dB/oct
Harmonic
1 to 1023
Multiplier of the for the reference frequency of the modelled demodulator.
DUT Model
Type of model used for the external device to be controlled by the PID.
A detailed description of the transfer function for each model is found in the previous section.
All Pass
The external device is modelled by an all pass filter. Parameters to be configured are delay and gain.
LP 1st
The external device is modelled by a first-order low-pass filter. Parameters to be configured are delay, gain and filter bandwidth.
LP 2nd
The external device is modelled by a second-order low-pass filter. Parameters to be configured are delay, gain, resonance frequency and damping ratio.
Resonator Frequency
The external device is modelled by a resonator. Parameters to be configured are delay, center frequency and quality factor.
Internal PLL
The DUT is the internal oscillator locked to an external signal through a phase-locked loop. The parameter to be configured is the delay.
VCO
The external device is modelled by a voltage controlled oscillator. Parameters to be configured are delay, gain and bandwidth.
Resonator Amplitude
The external device is modelled by a resonator. Parameters to be configured are delay, gain, center frequency and quality factor.
Delay
numeric value
Parameter that determines the earliest response for a step change. This parameter does not affect the shape of the DUT transfer function.
Gain
numeric value
Parameter that determines the gain of the DUT transfer function.
BW (Hz)
numeric value
Parameter that determines the bandwidth of the first-order low-pass filter respectively the bandwidth of the VCO.
Damping Ratio
numeric value
Parameter that determines the damping ratio of the second-order low-pass filter.
Res Freq
numeric value
Parameter that determines the resonance frequency of the of the modelled resonator.
Q
numeric value
Parameter that determines the quality factor of the modelled resonator.
P
numeric value
Proportional gain P coefficient used for calculation of the response of the PID model. The parameter can be optimized with PID advise or changed manually. The parameter only gets active on the PID after pressing the button To PLL.
I
numeric value
Integral gain I coefficient used for calculation of the response of the PID model. The parameter can be optimized with PID advise or changed manually. The parameter only gets active on the PID after pressing the button To PLL.
D
numeric value
Derivative gain D coefficient used for calculation of the response of the PID model. The parameter can be optimized with PID advise or changed manually. The parameter only gets active on the PID after pressing the button To PLL.
D Limit TC/BW 3 dB
numeric value
The cutoff of the low-pass filter for the D limitation, shown as either the filter time constant or the 3 dB cutoff frequency, depending on the selected TC mode. When set to 0, the low-pass filter is disabled.
Rate
3.7 Hz to 469 kHz
PID sampling rate used for simulation.
The advisor will update the rate to match with the specified target bandwidth. A sampling rate close to the target bandwidth and excessive higher bandwidth will results in a simulation mismatch.
BW (Hz)
numeric value
Simulated bandwidth of the full close loop model with the current PID settings. This value should be larger than the target bandwidth.
Target BW LED
green/red
Green indicates that the target bandwidth can be achieved. For very high PID bandwidth the target bandwidth might be only achieved using marginal stable PID settings. In this case, try to lower the bandwidth or optimize the loop delays of the PID system.
PM (deg)
numeric value
Simulated phase margin of the PID with the current settings. The phase margin should be greater than 45 deg for internal PLL and 60 deg for all other DUT for stable conditions. An Infinite value is shown if no unity gain crossing is available to determine a phase margin.
Stable LED
green/red
Green indicates that the phase margin is fulfilled and the PID system should be stable.
To PID
Copy the PID Advisor settings to the PID.
Table 5: PID tab: Tuner sub-tab
Control/Tool
Option/Range
Description
Auto Tune
Optimize the PID parameters so that the noise of the closed-loop system gets minimized. The tuning method needs a proper starting point for optimization (away from the limits). The tuning process can be interrupted and restarted.
The tuning will try to match the PID bandwidth with the loop bandwidth of the DUT, signal input (demodulator), and signal output.
Mode
Select the PID coefficients that are optimized. The other PID coefficients remain unchanged but are used during optimization. This allows to force coefficients to a value while optimizing the rest.
P
Only optimize the proportional gain.
I
Only optimize the integral gain.
PI
Only optimize the proportional and the integral gain.
PID
Optimize the proportional, integral, and derivative gains.
PIDF
Optimize the proportional, integral, and derivative gains. Also the derivative gain bandwidth will be optimized.
Advanced Mode
ON / OFF
Enables manual selection of tuner averaging and setpoint toggling.
Iteration Time
numeric Value
Set the length for a tuner optimization iteration.
Enable
ON / OFF
Enables the setpoint toggle
Alt Setpoint
numeric Value
Defines the second setpoint used for the setpoint toggle.
Toggle Rate
numeric Value
Defines the rate of setpoint toggling. Note that possible values are logarithmically spaced with a factor of 4 between values.
Table 6: PID tab: Display sub-tab
Control/Tool
Option/Range
Description
Advanced Mode
ON / OFF
Enables manual selection of display and advice properties. If disabled the display and advise settings are automatically with optimized default values.
Display
Select the display mode used for rendering the system frequency or time response.
Bode Magnitude
Display the Bode magnitude plot.
Bode Phase
Display the Bode phase plot.
Step Resp
Display the step response plot.
Start (Hz)
numeric value
Start frequency for Bode plot display. For disabled advanced mode the start value is automatically derived from the system properties and the input field is read-only.
Stop (Hz)
numeric value
Stop frequency for Bode plot display. For disabled advanced mode the stop value is automatically derived from the system properties and the input field is read-only.
Start (s)
numeric value
Start time for step response display. For disabled advanced mode the start value is zero and the field is read-only.
Stop (s)
numeric value
Stop time for step response display. For disabled advanced mode the stop value is automatically derived from the system properties and the input field is read-only.
Transfer Function Selector
Selection of the displayed transfer function of the loop. 2 presets and a manual selection are possible. In closed loop configuration all elements from output to input will be included as feedback elements.
System
From Setpoint to System Output.
PID
From Setpoint to PID Output.
Manual
Any transfer function in the open or closed loop can be visualized.
Response In
Start point for the plant response simulation for open or closed loops. In closed loop configuration all elements from output to input will be included as feedback elements.
Demod Input
Start point is at the demodulator input.
Setpoint
Start point is at the setpoint in front of the PID.
PID Output
Start point is at PID output.
Instrument Output
Start point is at the instrument output.
DUT Output
Start point is at the DUT output and instrument input.
Response Out
End point for the plant response simulation for open or closed loops. In closed loop configuration all elements from output to input will be included as feedback elements.
PID Output
End point is at PID output.
Instrument Output
End point is at the instrument output.
DUT Output
End point is at the DUT output and instrument input.
Demod Input
End point is at the demodulator input.
System Output
End point is at the output of the controlled system.
Closed-Loop
ON / OFF
Switch the display of the system response between closed or open loop.
TC Mode
ON / OFF
Enables time constant representation of PID parameters.
Set Limits
ON / OFF
Switch the writing of PID limits when 'To PID' is pressed. Only applies in case of internal PLL.
Advisor Link
Automatically copy cursor values displayed below to the PID advisor. To enable cursor helpers, switch Advanced Mode on and set Display to Bode Magnitude with PID Transfer Function. Cursors will be displayed in Log and dB axis scale combinations.
P
Cursor value representing PID proportional gain P. Drag the plot cursor with the mouse pointer or directly insert numerical value here.
I
Cursor value representing PID integral gain I. Drag the plot cursor with the mouse pointer or directly insert numerical value here.
D
Cursor value representing PID derivative gain D. Drag the plot cursor with the mouse pointer or directly insert numerical value here.
Max Rate (Sa/s)
1 to 469 kSa/s
Target Rate for PID output data sent to PC. This value defines the applied decimation for sending data to the PC. It does not affect any other place where PID data are used.
Data Rate (Sa/s)
Actual data transfer rate of the PID stream data sent to PC. It is defined based on Max Rate which can be adjusted in Display tab of PID Advisor.
Data Rate (Sa/s)
Actual data transfer rate of the PID stream data sent to PC. It is defined based on Max Rate.